Partial product multiplying machine



Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. @LESER x-:TAL ,2,432,569

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INVENTORS SOL M. @LESER ABRAHAM TREIMAN AT TRNE Y Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. GLESER ET AL 2,432,569

IARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 16, 1941 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 FIGB. i9 INVENTORS SOL MGLESER BY y ABRAHAM TREWAN Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. GLEsr-:R ET AL l' 2,432,569

PARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 16, 1941 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. GLESER ETAL PARTIAL -PRODUCT MULTIPLYNG MACHINE Filed Oct. 16, 1941 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 FIGLZ.

' INVENTORS v SOL MGLESER ABRAHAM TRExMAN rvof fr Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. @LESER Erm. 2,432,569

PARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 16, 1941 16 Sheets-Sheet 11 Flai?.

INVENTORS SOL M GLEsER .BY ABRAHAM TREIMAN Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. GLESER x-:TAL 2,432,569

Y PARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed oct. 1e, 1941 16 sheets-sheet 12 INVENToRs Soz.A M. GLESER ABRAHAM TREIMAN Dec. 16, 1947. s. M. GLES'ER ET A.. 2,432,569

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INVENTOR` Sol. M. GLESER AB BY RAHAM TREIMAN Dec; 16, 1947. s, M, @LESER ETAL 2,432,569

PARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 16, 1941 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 s N. 9 LL.,

INVENToRs SOL. M.G| ESER BY ABRAHAM TREIMAN waa/half Dec. 16, 1947.

16 Sheess-Sheei; 16

Filed Oct. 16, 1941 ATToRMe-y Patented Dec. 16, 1947 PARTIAL PRODUCT MULTIPLYING MACHINE Sol M. Gleser, Olivette, and Abraham Treiman, St. Louis, Mo.

Application October 16, 1941, Serial No. 415,200

15 Claims. l

'Ihis invention relates in general to partial product multiplying machines and, more particularly, to a unique calculator which is capable of adding, subtracting, and multiplying.

Our invention has for its primary objects the provision of a partial product multiplying machine which is capable of efciently performing the several arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication, which will keep a running total of a whole series of such operations successively performed, thus facilitating such clerical work as billing, ledger posting. and the like, which is very speedy in both manipulation and internal functioning, performing its several arithmetical operations at a rapid rate and with a minimum of lost time, which is simple in manipulation, requiring no great skill or extended period of study on the part of the operator to attain proficiency, which is powerdriven, thereby materially relieving physical strain upon the operator, and which is otherwise highly satisfactory and efficient in the performance of its stated functions.

And with the above and other objects in view, our invention resides in 4the novel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combination of parts presently described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings (12 sheets)- Fivure l is a perspective View of a calculating machine constructed in accordance with and embodying our present invention;

Figs. la, lb and 1c are schematic diagrams illustrating the general principles upon which the calculating machine of our invention is based.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the power-transmitting mechanism. of our invention;

Figure 3 is a top plan View, partly broken away and in section, of the calculating machine;

Figure 4 is a fragmental perspective view of the sliding carrier bar forming a part of our invention;

Figure 5 is a fragmental perspective view of the essential component mechanisms of the machine shown in spatial relationship to each other;

Figure 6 is a fragmental perspective view of a pair of matched computing barrels forming a part of our invention;

Figs. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are diagrammatic representations illustrating the cooperative relationship between the component parts of the calculatinq machine showing in particular the developed surface of the computing barrels.

Figure 7 is a fragmental perspective View oi? the bank of multiplier keys and associated mechanism;

Figure 8 is a fragmental sectional View taken along the line 8 8, Figure '7;

Figure 9 is a fragmental perspective view of two primary banks of keys and associated mechanism;

Figure 10 is a fragmental perspective view of the carrier bar return actuating mechanism;

Figure l1 is a fragmental perspective view of the totalizer showing two duplicate and parallel trains of mechanism and also the carrier bar return mechanism associated with the two selected primary key banks .shown in Figure 8;

Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15 are fragmental sectional views of the power-driven computing barrel rotating mechanism taken respectively along the lines l2-|2, I3l3, lli-i4, and |5-I5, Figure 2;

Figure 16 is a fragmental sectional View of the computing barrel rotating mechanism taken along the line I B-I 6, Figure l2;

Figure 17 is a fragmental sectional view of the computing barrel rotating mechanism taken along the line |1-l1, Figure 16;

Figures 18, 19, and 20 are fragmental sectional views of the primary key banks taken respectively along the lines IS-lil, IS-IB, and 2li- 29, Figure 9;

Figure 20a is a schematic View of a detail of operation of the latch member and detent lug which co-operate for holding down the slide positioning mechanism.

Figure 21 is a fragmental sectional View of the totalizer and associated mechanism taken along the line 2l-2l, Figure 3;

Figures 22, 23, and 24 are fragmentary vertical sectional views of a detail of the totalizer mechanism taken approximately along the lines 22-22, 23-23, and 2li- 24, respectively, Figure 21;

Figures 24a and 241; are fragmentary transverse sectional views of the calculating mechanism. respectively showing the mechanism associated with three primary key banks in initial and final positions of a single computing cycle; that is to say, the position before the keys in the three key banks are depressed, and the position after such keys have been completely depressed.

Figures 240 and 24d are fragmentary views of the mechanism for transferring the computed values into the totalizer or accounting mechanism; the position shown in Figure 24e being that assumed by the mechanism when the key bank mechanism is in the position shown in Figure 24a and similarly the position shown in Figure 24d being that assumed by the mechanism when the mechanism associated with the primary key banks is in the position shown in Figure 24h.

Figure 25 is a perspective view of a modified form of primary key bank and associated mechanism;

Figure 26 is a perspective view ofthe computing barrels associated with such `Inodiiied form of primary key bank;

Figure 27 is a schematic plan view of the developed surface of the computing barrels shown in Figure 26, and

Figures 28 and 29 are fragmentary detail views, partly broken away and in section, respectively illustrating the operation of the detent lugs and stop dogs which co-operate with parts of the computing slide mechanism.

General principle of operation Before entering upon a detailed description of the embodiments of 'our invention, and in order to render such description `more readily understandable, it is thought desirable to set forth the general principles of operation involved,`byvref erence to the simpliiied and wholly schematic arrangement of members shown in Figures la, 1b and lc. Assume Athat there are two elongated, edgewise abutting strips X and Y. The member X is stationary and for convenience may be referred to as the stationary member, while the member Y is disposed for lengthwise shifting movement in relation to the member X and may .for convenience be referred to as the slide member. The stationary member X is -provided with a series of uniformly spaced arrows, numbered consecutively from 1 to 9'as shown. The slide member Y is provided with nine sets or Yseries of uniformly spaced graduations, eachsuch set or series comprising ten graduations and extending over a-distance which is somewhat small- -er than the distance between two successive arrows. The first graduation-of each series is designated and is directly opposite the 'particular arrow with Vwhich such series is associated. The successive graduations in each series are respectively numbered with the 'rst nine `consecutive multiples of the number represented 'by Ysuch arrow.

'For instance opposite the l arrow is a Zero .graduation followed by graduations designated l, 2., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, which are the first nine consecutive multiples of 1, in other words -the products of 1 l. 1 X2, 1X 3, and so on. similarly opposite the 2 arrow is a zero graduation followed by graduations designated'Z, 4,6,8, l0, 12, 14, 16, 18, i, e. the products-of 2X1, 2X2, 2X3, and so on.

As shown in Fig. la the slide is set at zero and opposite each arrow is the product 'of the number represented by such arrow `when multiplied by Zero," that isto say Zero, since zero multiplied by any numberfis always zero. If the 'slide number is shifted to the right 4 units 'of length for instance (a unit being taken as the distance between any two consecutive graduations within the series of graduations) then the 4 graduation will come into alignment with the l arrow as shown in Fig. 1b. At the same "time the fourth graduationineach suceessive'set will also come into alignment with the particular arrow with which such set is associated. In this 'shifted position, 8 lies opposite the 2 arrow i. e. the product of 2 4 and similarly opposite each arrow lies the product of the number represented by such arrow when multiplied by four. From this it will lbe evident that if the slide is moved a number of units corresponding to the multiplicand then the product will lie under the arrow representing the number which is the multiplier.

For example if it were desired to multiply "8 by "3 the slide Y would be shifted eight units as shown in Fig. 1c and the slide maybe said to be conditioned for multiplying the number 8 by any one of the integers represented by the arrows von the stationary member X. Thus opposite the "3 arrow is the graduation designated 24 which is the product of 8X3.

In order to achieve such results mechanically it will, obviously, be necessary to provide a series of keys or other manually manipulable means corresponding to the integers 1 to 9 and arranged for mechanically effecting the shifting movement 'of the slide member. Similarly the slide member must be provided with a .whole series of elements or mechanisms each corresponding to a graduation on the slide'member and arranged so as to be capable of achieving an amount of mechanical motion proportional to the value of the particular product or multiple represented by such corresponding graduation. Thus, 'for instance, at the position yoi the graduation designated 24" (again using the'example 8X3 as illustrated in Fig 3) a suitable element or mechanism must be placed, which is capable of effecting an amount of m'eohanical'motion proportional to the number 24. Such proportionate 'motion must be transmitted into suitable totalizing mechanism for recordation or accumulation.

Finally, the stationary kmember 'must be provided with a series of keys or other suitable manually manipulable'mem'bers each corresponding to one of the arrows representing an integer, and in the case of the .example under discussion the manipulation of such key or member corresponding to 3 would in some suitable way initiate the mechanical movement of the 24 element on the slide which has already been shifted into such `relative position that the "24 element is in proper juxtaposition.

Although the above discussion is .entirely hypothetical, the provision of such mechanical elements for embodying the basic principle outlined is achieved in the Aembodiments hereinafter described. The mechanism described under the sub-heading Primary key banks actually is the mechanical means for shifting the slide member responsive'to a selected multiplicand and similarly the mechanism described under the subheading Computing slide and barrel mecha nism is mechanical embodiment of the slide with mechanisms for converting the several products or multiples into mechanical movement proportional to the values of such products. Likewise the mechanism described under the subheading Multiplier key bank is actually the `mechanical means for initiating the operation of portionate mechanical movement.

'By way of further introductory explanation it may be pointed out that graduations on both the stationary member X and the slide member Y are uniformly spaced and the spatial relationship, therefore, may be said ,to be arithmeticaL If for example the unit of length chosen for the stationary member be inches, then the distance between the l arrow and the "2 arrow is one inch and similarly the distance between the 2 arrow and the 4 arrow will be 2 inches. In each case the spatial distance between any two arrows will be the same number of inches (or whatever other length unit may be employed) as the arithmetical diierence between the numbers represented by such arrows. Likewise if the slide member X is uniformly graduated in sixteenths of the inch, then the slide will be shifted 1%; (or one such length unit) if the multiplicand is 1, 2/16 (or two such length units) if the multiplicand is 2 and so on.

In the case of arithmetical spacing, however, the slide member Y must carry some ninety graduations in effect corresponding to every product in the multiplication table from 1 0=0 to 9 9=81. Consequently, in the mechanical embodiment it would be necessary to employ a corresponding ninety elements or mechanisms for converting such products into proportionate mechanical motion. This is not a very serious problem and in fact one of the specic embodiments hereinafter described employs such arithmetical spacing.

We have found, however, that in addition to the simple arithmetical system of spacing illustrated schematically in Figs. 1a, lb and lc, it is possible, and for some purposes even advantageous, to employ as a basis for 'the spacing, other systems of mathematical functions which follow the law.

That is to say any system of functions in which the sum of the functions of any two selected numbers is equal to the function of the product of such numbers. A familiar example of this type of mathematical system is the system of logarithmic functions.

As an example of the employment of such systems of mathematical functions as a basis for the spacing, it is, therefore, possible to employ logarithmic spacing of which the ordinary slide rule provides a familiar illustration. Such logarithmic spacing makes it possible to avoid recurrence of products at several different positions on the slide. In the case of the slide member Y above discussed, foi` instance, the product24 occurs at four different positions, i. e. in the 3 series, the 4 series, the 5 series, and the 8 series, because 3, 4, 6, and 8 are all factors of 2d. Actually, as will presently be more fully discussed, in the entire multiplication table from l 1 to 9X9 there are only thirtysix different products. By employing logarithmic spacing it is necessary that each of these thirtysix products occur only once on the slide member.

In the light of this discussion of general principles, we shall now describe, as the first and preferred embodiment of our invention, a calculating machine involving these principles and employing the logarithmic system of spacing. Thereafter, as a second or modified` embodiment we shall describe the employment of arithmetical spacing.

The calculator The preferred form of calculating ymachine embodying our invention, comprises a computing mechanism A mounted within an outer rectilinear housing l formed of sheet metal or other suitable material andcut away along its top and side walls adjacent its rear end in the provision of an opening 2 for accommodating a transversely shiftable totalizer B also having an elongated open-bottomed shell 3 constructed preferably of sheet-metal and including an arcuate top wall 4 closed at its ends by side walls 5 and interiorly subdivided transversely into a series of compartments c by uniformly spaced partitions 5', each compartment c being provided with a forwordly presented rectangular aperture or window 4 formed in the top wall 4. In its front face, the totalizer shell 3 is provided with an elongated horizontal slot 2' for receiving the carrier bar resetting mechanism, which will presently be more fully described and which is mounted in the housing l extending partially into an upwardly enlarged deformation or offset formed in the upper wall of the housing l.

Suitably fixed within the housing I, is a main frame 'l preferably formed as an integral casting and having suitable upper and lower horizontal bed-plates la, 1b, and cross-members TC in which the various moving parts of the machine are journaled or slidably mounted as may be expedient from the viewpoint of production, convenience, and economy. For simplicity in illustration and description, however, these features, being largely a matter of conventional design, .have been shown more or less schematically.

M ultz'pler key bank:

Journaled horizontally in the frame 1 and extending lengthwise of the housing l along the right-hand side thereof as an operator faces the machine looking toward the totalizer B, is a rotary shaft 8 provided with ten identical externally toothed barrel gears 9a, 9b, 9C, 9d, Se, 9f, 9h, 9i, 91. Each of these gears 9 is provided with a segmental slot l for receiving a narrow nger l i fixed to and projecting radially from the shaft S, the slots lll being shaped and sized in relation to the fingers il, so that rotation of any one of the barrel gears 9 will be transmitted, through its associated finger H, to produce rocking movement of the shaft 8, but will not affect any of the other barrel gears 9.

Shiftably and rotatably mounted in the frame 'l and projecting through the top wall of the housing l, are ten vertical key-plungers lZa to lili, inclusive, each being of rectangular crosssection and slidably fitted with an external gear collar i3a to 31, inclusive. At their upper ends, the key-plungers l2 are provided with conventional key-buttons lila to ill respectively provided on their upper faces with numerals ranging from "1 through "9 and including a cipher or zero designating il andconstituting a bank of so-called multiplier keys. At their lower ends, the plungers i2 are provided with cylindrical rack portions l5*i to 55, inclusive, each having a flattened or ground-off side face If so arranged that, when the flat side face l is presented toward the adjacent barrel gear d, vertical movement of the plunger l2 will not rotate the barrel gear 9. On the other hand., when the plunger l2 is rotated 189, the cylindrical rack portion l5 will engage the barrel gear Si. Projecting downwardly from the lower end of the rack portions l5, are elongated guide rods I1 shiftably and rotatably mounted in the lower portion of the frame and disposed encirclingly about each of the guide rods il, is a compression spring il abuttingly engaged at its opposite ends between the upper frame of the lower .frame plate 'Ib and the under face of the plunger rack portion I5, as best seen in Figure 19.

Similarly journaled horizontally in and extending between selected members 1c, is a plurality of like parallel shafts I8 substantially similar to the shafts 8 and each provided with nine endwise abutting gear barrels I9a to I9i, inclusive, having segmental slots 20 for receiving radial fingers 2| iixed on the shafts I8 in the same manner and for the same purpose as the lingers I I on the shaft 8.

Primary key banks Shiftably and rotatably mounted in the frame 'I and projecting upwardly through the upper wall of the housing I is a plurality of rows of keyplungers 22a to 221, inclusive, provided at their upper ends with key-tops or buttons 23 having indicia ranging from "1 to 9, one such row being associated with each shaft I8 in the formation of a series of primary key banks. Although, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the machine is equipped with seven such primary key banks for accommodating a seven digit number, it will, of course, be understood that a greater or smaller number of such banks may readily be employed.

Each of the key-plungers 22 is similar to the key-plungers I2 and includes a cylindrical rack portion 24 having a flat side face 25 and a downwardly extending guide rod 26 provided with a coiled compression spring 21, and slidably mounted on each key-plunger 22 and rotatably secured in the frame l, are gear-collars 28. As above pointed out in connection with the plungers I2, the plungers 22 are likewise rotatable about a vertical axis through 180 to bring the rack portions 24 into or out of meshing engagement with the barrel gears I9.

Slidably mounted in the upper frame plate 1a, is a plurality of horizontal key-inverting rack bars 29, one for each primary key bank and one for the multiplier key bank, each being positioned for meshing engagement with the entire series of gear collars 28 in the key bank with which it is associated. Each of the rack bars 29 is provided at its forward end with a depending horizontal rack section 39 meshing with an inverting pinion 3l keyed upon a cross-shaft 32, which is, in turn, journaled at its ends in and extends horizontally across the frame I from left to right, being provided at its right end with a radial handle 33, which, in turn, projects upwardly through a slot 34 in the top wall of the housing I, and adjacent the front and rear ends, respectively, of the slot 34 the upper face of the housing I is marked with the indicia Add and Mult., thus designating that, when the handle 33 is in one or the other of its positions, the machine will add or multiply, as the case may be. In this connection, it should be noted that, when the handle 33 is in Add position, the rack portions I of the multiplier plungers I2 are disengaged from their associated barrel gears 9, whereas the rack portions 24 of the primary key-plungers 22 are engaged with their associated barrel gears I9. On the other hand, when the handle 33 is in Mult position, the reverse is true, that is to say, the rack portions I5 of the plungers I2 are engaged and the rack portions 24 of the plungers 22 are disengaged.

Shiftably mounted in vertical ways 35 formed in and projecting laterally from the frame members 1", are vertical slide bars 362-, 36", 36, 36d, 36f, and 36, each provided with a laterally projecting rack section 3'! and positioned for meshing engagement with the lower ends of the plunger rack sections 24a, 24D, 24C, 24d, 24f, 241, respectively. Because of space requirements and to achieve greater compactness, the key-plungers 22e, 22g, and 22h are provided with auxiliary rack sections 38 positioned below their principal rack sections 24 and likewise having a flattened side 39, the latter being disposed at with respect to the flattened portions 25 of the principal rack portions 24. Shiftably mounted in ways 40 formed in and projecting laterally from suitably adjacent frame members 1C, are vertical slide bars 36e, 36g, and 36h having laterally projecting rack sections 3'I for meshing engagement with the auxiliary rack portions 242, 24E, and 24h, respectively. Thus it will be seen that, when the handle 33 is in Add position, all of the slide bars 3 are disengaged, whereas when the handle 33 is in Mult position and the plungers 22 are turned 180, the slide bars 3S are engaged, so that downward movement of any key 23 will produce corresponding downward movement of its associated slide bar 36.

Each of the slide bars 36 is further provided at its lower end with a depending guide rod 4I extending slida-bly through the lower frame plate "Ib, and fixed upon the lower end of each such rod 4I beneath the frame plate Tb, is a block 42 having a depending stop iinger 43 and forwardly projecting detent lug 44. Disposed encirclingly about each rod 4I and abuttingly engaged at its opposite ends between the upper face of the frame plate 'Ib and the under face of the slide bar 3G, is a compression spring 45 for normally urging the bar 36 and rod 4I upwardly, such upward movement being limited by abutment of the upper face of the block 42 against the under face of the frame plate Ib. In the downward direction, movement of the bar 36 is limited by small laterally projecting lugs 45 formed on the bar 36 adjacent its upper end and positioned for abutment with the upper end faces of the ways 35, all as best seen in Figures 19 and 20.

Slidably mounted in suitable slots 46 formed in and extending transversely through the member 1, is a plurality of spaced horizontal crossconnecting racks Ila to 4Ii, inclusive, extending from right to left across the machine and provided at their right ends with depending toothed sections 4B for meshing engagement with the barrel gears 9a to 9i, respectively, and to the left of the sections 48, the racks 42a to 41i, inclusive. are provided with a plurality of depending toothed sections 49 separated by blank sections 59, the latter being normally positioned above the barrel gears I9. In this connection, it should be noted that when the machine is set for addition and the rack sections I5 of the key-plungers I2 are disengaged from the barrel gears 9, the crossconnecting racks 4'I are inactive and do not engage or otherwise -aiiect movement of the barrel gears I9. However, when the machine is set for multiplication and the barrel gears 9 are engaged, manual depression of one of the keyplungers I2 will rotate its associated barrel geai` 9, shifting the associated cross-connecting rack 4l' to the left, bringing the toothed sections 49 into engagement with all of the barrel gears I 9 which are in transverse alignment with the rotating barrel gear 9.

Adjacent to each key-plunger 22 and on either side thereof, the frame members 'Ic are provided with Opposed vertical ways 5Ia to 5U, inclusive, and beneath each of the pairs of ways 5I the lower frame plate 'Ib is provided with a. rectan- 

